1. Earth's Without-Atmosphere Mean Surface Temperature Calculation.

R = 1 AU, is the Earth's distance from the sun in astronomical units (R = 150.000.000 km, which is Earth's average distance from the sun).

Earth’s albedo: aearth= 0,306

Albedo is defined as the diffuse reflected portion of the incident on planet surface solar flux.

Earth is a smooth rocky planet, Earth’s surface solar irradiation accepting factor is:

Φearth= 0,47

Φ -  the planet surface solar irradiation accepting factor (the planet surface spherical shape and the planet surface roughness coefficient).

Φ(1 - a) -   the planet surface coupled term (it represents the NOT REFLECTED portion of the incident on planet surface solar flux, it is the portion of solar flux which gets in INTERACTION processes with the planet surface).

β = 150 days*gr*oC/rotation*cal – ( the Rotational Warming Factor constant ).

N = 1 rotation /per day, is Earth’s rate of rotation with reference to the sun. Earth's day equals 24 hours= 1 earthen day.

cp.earth = 1 cal/gr*oC, it is because Earth has a vast ocean. Generally speaking almost the whole Earth’s surface is wet.

We can call Earth a Planet Ocean.

σ = 5,67*10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant

So = 1.361 W/m² (So - it is the Solar constant - the solar flux at the Earth's average distance from the sun).

Earth’s Without-Atmosphere Mean Surface Temperature Equation Tmean.earth is:

Tmean.earth = [ Φ (1-a) So (β*N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ /4σ ]¹∕ ⁴

Τmean.earth = [ 0,47(1-0,306)1.361 W/m²(150 days*gr*oC/rotation*cal *1rotations/day*1 cal/gr*oC)¹∕ ⁴ /4*5,67*10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴ =

Τmean.earth = [ 0,47(1-0,306)1.361 W/m²(150*1*1)¹∕ ⁴ /4*5,67*10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴ =

Τmean.earth = ( 6.854.905.906,50 )¹∕ ⁴ =

Tmean.earth = 287,74 Κ

And we compare it with the

Tsat.mean.earth = 288 K, measured by satellites.

These two temperatures, the calculated one, and the measured by satellites are almost identical.