The very POWERFUL the Solar Irradiated planet surface Rotational Warming Phenomenon: ( N*cp )1/16
Written by Christos I. Vournas,
M.sc. mechanical engineer
We do planets and moons surface temperatures comparison.
The presence of atmosphere doesn't warm Earth's surface.
It is the other reasons, not the presence of atmosphere, that make Earth warmer than the Moon by +68°C.
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Key words:
Specular Reflection
Φ - Solar Irradiation Accepting Factor (spherical shape and surface roughness coefficient), for smooth bodies Φ = 0,47 and for rough / porous Φ = 1
Immediate IR Emission
Rotational Warming Phenomenon ( N*cp )1/16
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For Φ(1 -a) coupled term a very strong ARGUMENT.
For Φ(1 -a) coupled term a very strong ARGUMENT.
What we had till now was:
Tmean.earth = 288 K
................Tmean.moon = 220 K
Te. earth = 255 K
.................Te.moon = 270 K
Tmean.mars = 210 K
...........Te.mars = 210 K
Well, Tmean.earth =288K and Tmean.moon =220K and Tmean.mars =210K are measured values, thus we accept them as correct ones.
Te.moon =270K and Te.earth =255K and Te.mars =210K are calculated values.
The blackbody equilibrium temperature (effective temperature) Te formula used is:
Te = [ (1-a) S /4σ ]¹∕ ⁴
a - is the average surface Albedo (For Earth a=0,306; For Moon a=0,11; For Mars a=0,250) and those are measured values, thus we accept them as correct ones too.
S - is the solar flux. For Earth and Moon S=So = 1.361 W/m² (So is the Solar constant) For Mars S = 586,4 W/m² S and So are measured values, thus we accept them as correct ones also.
σ = 5,67*10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant; We accept it as well!
What is not well:
Tmean.earth - Te.earth = 288K -255K = +Δ33C
Tmean.moon - Te.moon = 220K -270K = -Δ50C
Tmean.mars - Te.mars = 210K -210K = Δ0C
We should conclude there is something wrong with the Te blackbody equilibrium temperature (effective temperature) formula used here.
There something should be very wrong.
There was that assumption-explanation: Planet Te should equal the planet Tmean. Thus Te.mars=Tmean.mars=210K (Δ0C)
As for Earth's (+Δ33C) it is explained by the Earth's atmosphere GHE.
And we haven't any explanation for Moon's (-Δ50C).
As a summary
1). We had an arbitrary assumption (Planet Te should equal the planet Tmean.)
2). We had a coincidence (Te.mars=Tmean.mars=210K (Δ0C) )
3). We had a controversial explanation (Earth's (+Δ33C) is explained by the Earth's atmosphere trace greenhouse gasses content the alleged GHE.)
4). And we had a very big discrepancy (we hadn't any explanation for Moon's (-Δ50C)).
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Let's see what New Theory states about:
It states (the first discovery) smooth planets' surface have very strong specular reflection.
Thus the blackbody equilibrium temperature (effective temperature) Te formula should be corrected as:
Te = [ Φ(1-a) S /4σ ]¹∕ ⁴
Φ - is the Planet Surface Solar Irradiation Accepting Factor.
Where Φ=0,47 for smooth surface planets and moons (Mercury, Moon, Earth, Mars, Europa, Ganymede).
And Φ=1 for rough surface planets and moons (heavy cratered ones) and for gaseous planets and moons.
The calculated with the corrected blackbody equilibrium formula temperatures (the corrected effective temperatures) Te.correct are:
Te.correct.earth =210K
Te.correct.moon =224K
Te.correct.mars = 174K
And Tmean.earth - Te.earth = 288K -210K = +Δ78C; Tmean.moon - Te.moon = 220K -224K = -Δ4C; Tmean.mars - Te.mars = 210K -174K = +Δ36C.
1). In this case it is pretty obvious for Earth's +Δ78C we cannot explain that much of difference by Earth's GHE.
2). In case of Mars the +Δ36C difference is in similar to Earth's pattern.
3). Moon has, compared to Earth and Mars a rather very small difference of only -Δ4C.
As a summary
1). We have a discovery (Planet Te should be corrected for smooth surface planets and moons - the Φ.)
2). We have the Planet Surface Rotational Warming Phenomenon which states: Planets' mean surface temperatures relate (everything else equals) as their (N*cp) products' sixteenth root.
In the New Theory we have not old theory's discrepancy of Mars, a planet without-atmosphere, having the same Tmean=Te=210K vs Moon's, also without-atmosphere, having Tmean-Te =-Δ50C.
Also, the New Theory explains that a faster rotating than Moon Mars has a higher +Δ36C.
And the faster rotating Earth (as fast as Mars'), and, also having a higher average surface specific heat Earth (cp =1cal/gr.oC for water vs cp =0,19cal/gr.oC for dry soil) has a much higher +Δ78C.
Now, please compare the New Theory with the old planet blackbody equilibrium temperature Te (effective temperature) results:
1). We had an arbitrary assumption (Planet Te should equal the planet Tmean.)
2). We had a coincidence (Te.mars=Tmean.mars=210K (Δ0C) )
3). We had a controversial explanation (Earth's (+Δ33C) is explained by the Earth's trace greenhouse gasses content the alleged GHE.)
4). And we had a very big discrepancy (we hadn't any explanation for Moon's (-Δ50C) ).
It is very much obvious now that the discovery (the unveiling) of Φ - the Planet Surface Solar Irradiation Accepting Factor is of a TRUE scientific value!
It is for Φ(1 -a) coupled term a very strong indeed ARGUMENT !
How much is the planet Earth’s the incident solar beam's specular reflection?
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It is π*r² *446,87 (W) Watts in TOTAL on the entire solar lit hemisphere
How much is the planet Earth’s the incident solar beam's specular reflection?
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Jdiffuse = a*So = 0,306*1.370 W/m² =419,22 W/m²where a = 0,306 – is the average solar lit hemisphere’s Albedo (it is the diffuse reflection portion)
So = 1.370 W/m² – is the solar flux
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Thus
(1 – a)*So – is the not diffusely reflected solar energy
(1-0,306)*1.370 = 0,694*1.370 = 950,78 W/m²
1 – Φ = 1 -0,47 = 0,53 is the specular reflected part
where Φ – is the planet surface solar irradiation Accepting Factor
(the planet surface spherical shape and the planet surface roughness coefficient)950,78*0,53 =503,91 W/m²
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And what amount of solar energy has remained for the planet Earth to INTERACT with?
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1.370 – 419,22 – 503,91 =446,87 W/m²
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Notice:-
where:
r – is the earth’s radius
W – is Watts = Joules/sec
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1 - Φ = 1 -0,47 = 0,53 is the specular reflected part
where Φ is the planet surface solar irradiation Accepting Factor
(the planet surface spherical shape and the planet surface roughness coefficient)950,78*0,53 =503,91 W/m²
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the specular reflected part503,91 W/m²
The specular reflected part is 1.000 times bigger number than the“~ +0,5 W/m² imbalance scenario”.
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It is three 3 orders of magnitude higher!!!
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I mean the entire GHE alarmists scientific consensus community. The consensus is not something to blame anyone personally.
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The three orders of magnitude is not an insignificant value someone may turn a blind eye on!
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The planet Mercury’s Albedo a =0,068
Also we know Mercury has a surface of rock basalt.
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Basalt is as smooth as glass.Does anyone think a spherical object from basalt lit by sun absorbs
the
(1 -0,068)S = 0,932*S or 93,2% of the incident on its surface solar flux?
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Everyone has played with a mirror in the sunshine.
When you look in the mirror, it looks dark, but when you “catch” the reflection of sun in the eye -it is definitely blinding!
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Thus, the specular reflection is not only in my imagination, it is in your imagination too. The specular reflection is in everyone’s imagination, and not because I made you to imagine it, but because you have seen the sun in the mirror!
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You have seen the sun in the mirror many-many times...remember?
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