Tmean.io
So = 1.361 W/m² (So is the Solar constant)
Io’s albedo: aio = 0,63
Io is a rocky planet without atmosphere heavy cratered, Io’s surface irradiation accepting factor Φio = 1
Most of Io's surface is composed of sulfur and sulfur dioxide frost.
Cp.sulfur = 0,17 cal/gr.oC, Cp.sulfur.dioxide = 0,12 cal/gr.oC
cp.io = 0,17 cal/gr.oC *0,5 + 0,12 cal/gr.oC *0,5 =
cp.io = 0,145 cal/gr.oC
β = 150 days*gr*oC/rotation*cal – it is the Planet Surface Solar Irradiation INTERACTING-Emitting Universal Law constant
σ = 5,67*10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant
1/R² = 1/5,2044² = 0,0369 times lesser is the solar irradiation on Jupiter than that on Earth, the same on its satellite Io.
Io’s orbital period is 1,799 days. Io’s sidereal rotation period is synchronous.
N = 1/1,799 rotations/per day
IO'S MEAN SURFACE TEMPERATURE EQUATION Tmean.io is:
Tmean.io = [ Φ (1-a) So (1/R²) (β*N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ /4σ ]¹∕ ⁴
Τmean.io = { 1*(1-0,63)1.361 W/m² *0.0369*[150*(1/1,799)*0,145]¹∕ ⁴ /4*5,67*10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴ }¹∕ ⁴ = 111,55 K
Tmean.io = 111,55 K is the calculated
And the satellite measured is almost identical
Tsat.mean.io = 110 K (- 163 oC)
https://www.cristos-vournas.com
The faster a planet rotates (n2>n1) the higher is the planet’s average (mean) temperature T↑mean:
Tmin↑→ T↑mean ← T↓max
.
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Io and Europa
Io and Europa is an example of the planet or moon surface temperatures comparison:
Io and Europa are at the same distance from the sun. Both have the same satellite measured Albedo.
Io (Jupiter's satellite), Albedo a =0,63
Flux _ 50,37 ( W/m² ) Te = 95,16 K
Te.correct = 95,16 K, Φ = 1
Warming Factor (β*N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ = 1,8647
Tsat = 110 K
Europa (Jupiter's satellite), Albedo a =0,63
Flux _ 50,37 ( W/m² ) Te = 95,16 K
Te.correct = 78,83 K, Φ = 0,47
Warming Factor (β*N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ = 2,5494
Tsat = 102 K
110K /102K = 1,0784
[ (1*1,8647 ) /(0,47*2,5494) ]¹∕ ⁴ = 1,1169
1,1169 /1,0784 = 1,0357 or 3,57 %
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