The very POWERFUL the Solar Irradiated planet surface Rotational Warming Phenomenon: ( N*cp )1/16
Written by Christos I. Vournas,
M.sc. mechanical engineer
We do planets and moons surface temperatures comparison.
The presence of atmosphere doesn't warm Earth's surface.
It is the other reasons, not the presence of atmosphere, that make Earth warmer than the Moon by +68°C.
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Key words:
Specular Reflection
Φ - Solar Irradiation Accepting Factor (spherical shape and surface roughness coefficient), for smooth bodies Φ = 0,47 and for rough / porous Φ = 1
Immediate IR Emission
Rotational Warming Phenomenon ( N*cp )1/16
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Mercury in color
Europa moon
Mercury /Europa Mean Surface Temperatures COMPARISON: (Tmercury /Teuropa)
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Let's apply the Planet Surface Rotational Warming Phenomenon to the
(Mercury /Europa)
Mean Surface Temperatures COMPARISON issue:
(Tmercury /Teuropa) = 340K /102K
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The Planet Surface Rotational Warming Phenomenon states:
Planets' (without atmosphere, or with a thin atmosphere) the mean surface temperatures RELATE (everything else equals) as their (N*cp) products' SIXTEENTH ROOT.
( N*cp ) ^1/16
or
[ (N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ ] ¹∕ ⁴
Where
N - rotations/day, is the planet's axial spin .
cp - cal/gr*oC, is the planet's average surface specific heat.
This discovery has explained the origin of the formerly observed the planets' average surface temperatures comparison discrepancies.
Earth is warmer than Moon because Earth rotates faster than Moon and because Earth’s surface is covered with water.
What we do in our research is to compare the satellite measured planetary temperatures.
The Planet Surface Rotational Warming Phenomenon can be expressed now also QUANTITATIVELY .
And it happens so to be a very POWERFUL the planet surface warming factor.
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Tmean.mercury
Surface temp..Tmin..Tmean..Tmax
Kelvin.............100.K...340.K...700.K
N = 1/175,938 rotations/per day, planet Mercury solar day is 175,938 earth days.
Mercury's average distance from the sun is R=0,387AU.
The solar irradiation on Mercury is
(1/R)² = (1AU/0,387AU)²= 2,584²= 6,6769 times stronger than that on Earth.
Mercury’s albedo is:
amercury = 0,068
Mercury is a rocky planet,
Cp.mercury = 0,20cal/gr oC,
Mercury’s surface is considered as rock basalt
So = 1.362 W/m² the Solar constant
Tsat.mean.mercury = 340 K !
Link:
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Surface temp. min mean max
0°N, 0°W [13] -173 °C 67 °C 427 °C
85°N, 0°W[13] -193 °C -73 °C 106.85 °C
–
Mercury’s mean surface temperature 67 °C in Kelvin is:
273 °C + 67 °C = 340 K.
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Tmean.europa
So = 1.361 W/m² (So is the Solar constant)
Europa’s albedo: aeuropa = 0,63
Europa is an ice-crust planet (rocky) without atmosphere,
Europa’s surface consists of water ice crust
Cp.europa = 1cal/gr*oC
1/R² = 1/5,2044² = 0,0369 times lesser is the solar irradiation on Jupiter than that on Earth, the same on its satellite Europa.
Europa’s orbital period is 3,5512 d
Europa’s sidereal rotation period is synchronous
N = 1/3,5512 rotation /day
Tsat.mean.europa = 102 K (- 171 oC)
Link:
"Europa has the smoothest surface of any known solid object in the Solar System. The apparent youth and smoothness of the surface have led to the hypothesis that a water ocean exists beneath the surface, which could conceivably harbor extraterrestrial life."
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Comparison Coefficient:
[ (1-a) So (1/R²) (N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴
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Mercury:
[ (1-a) So (1/R²) (N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴
{ (1-0,068) 1.361 (6,6769) [(1/176)*0,20)]¹∕ ⁴ }¹∕ ⁴ =
[ (0,932) 1.361 (6,6769) (0,0011364)¹∕ ⁴]¹∕ ⁴ =
[ (0,932) 1.361 (6,6769) (0,18360) ]¹∕ ⁴ =
[ 1.555 ]¹∕ ⁴ = 6,2796 = 6,28
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Europa:
[ (1-a) So (1/R²) (N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴
{ (1-0,63) 1.361 (0,0369) [(1/3,5512)*1]¹∕ ⁴ }¹∕ ⁴ =
[ (0,37) 1.361 (0,0369) (0,28159)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴ =
[ (0,37) 1.361 (0,0369) (0,72846) ]¹∕ ⁴ =
(13,5361) ¹∕ ⁴ = 1,918
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340 K /102 K = 3,333
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6,28 /1,918 = 3,274
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3,333 /3,274 = 1,018
or 1,8% difference!