1. Christos Vournas | May 27, 2025 at 7:34 am | Reply
    |The Holocene glacial retreat is a geographical phenomenon that involved the global retreat of glaciers (deglaciation) that previously had advanced during the Last Glacial Maximum. Ice sheet retreat initiated ca. 19,000 years ago and accelerated after ca. 15,000 years ago. The Holocene, starting with abrupt warming 11,700 years ago, resulted in rapid melting of the remaining ice sheets of North America and Europe.|
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_glacial_retreat
  3. Christos Vournas | May 27, 2025 at 7:41 am | Reply
    “The early Holocene sea level rise (EHSLR) was a significant jump in sea level by about 60 m (197 ft) during the early Holocene, between about 12,000 and 7,000 years ago, spanning the Eurasian Mesolithic.[1] The rapid rise in sea level and associated climate change, notably the 8.2 ka cooling event (8,200 years ago), and the loss of coastal land favoured by early farmers, may have contributed to the spread of the Neolithic Revolution to Europe in its Neolithic period.[2]”
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Holocene_sea_level_rise
  5. Christos Vournas | May 27, 2025 at 11:00 am |

    I think the ozone doesn’t protect life on Earth, because ozone is like it is not there – it has a so much small presence – it cannot stop anything.
    –
    https://www.cristos-vournas.com
  7. Christos Vournas | May 27, 2025 at 11:47 am |
    “The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson. Measurements of the sun showed that the radiation sent out from its surface and reaching the ground on Earth is usually consistent with the spectrum of a black body with a temperature in the range of 5,500–6,000 K (5,230–5,730 °C), except that there was no radiation below a wavelength of about 310 nm at the ultraviolet end of the spectrum. It was deduced that the missing radiation was being absorbed by something in the atmosphere. Eventually the spectrum of the missing radiation was matched to only one known chemical, ozone.[3] ”
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer
    “Measurements of the sun showed that the radiation sent out from its surface and reaching the ground on Earth is usually consistent with the spectrum of a black body”
    “It was deduced that the missing radiation was being absorbed by something in the atmosphere. ”
    It was deduced, and it was a mistake, because sun doesn’t emit as a perfect black body. Because there was no radiation below a wavelength of about 310 nm at the ultraviolet end of the spectrum.
  9. Christos Vournas | May 28, 2025 at 4:48 am |
    For comparison, the trace gas CO2 content in atmosphere is ~ 420 ppm ( ozone is 0,3 ppm, ozone layer peaks at 8 to 15 parts per million of ozone, 8 to 15 ppm ).
    How this low concentration of ozone is possible to absorb anything? Because it is asserted – since ozone at 8 to 15 ppm does those absorption wonders, then CO2 at ~ 420 ppm should moreover perform absorption wonders!
    –
    https://www.cristos-vournas.com

  10. Christos Vournas | May 28, 2025 at 11:28 am |
    Thank you, B A.
    “Christos,
    Take a class in, or read a book on, molecular spectroscopy. Your intuition, as usual, is terribly and laughably wrong.
    Consider a drop of food coloring in a liter of water (0.005%).”
    –
    A drop of food coloring in a liter of water (0.005%). Yes, it is some 50 ppm.

  11. Interesting:
    “Air weighs 0.0012929 gram per cubic centimeter or 1.2929 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. density of air is equal to 1.2929 kg/m³. In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 0.080713 pound per cubic foot [lb/ft³], or 0.000747344 ounce per cubic inch [oz/inch³] ”
    Water weights 1 ton per cubic meter.
    Air is very thin, and CO2 is a trace gas in a very thin air.
    –
    https://www.cristos-vournas.com